Typical Molds Found During Inspections

Alternaria: Extremely widespread and common spore. Common in soil, dead plants, and foodstuffs. It is often found indoors growing on cellulosic materials and as settled dust on carpets, textiles, etc. Potential opportunistic human pathogen. Commonly recognized as type 1 (hay fever) and type 3 (hypersensitivity pneumonitis).

Chaetomium: Commonly found on a variety of substances containing cellulose including paper and plant compost. It can readily be found on the damp or water damaged paper in sheetrock. The thermpohilic, neurotropic nature of this organism suggests it is potentially aggressive. No toxic diseases have been documented to date.

Cladosporium: Commonly found on dead plants, woody plants, food, straw, soil, paint and textiles. Common cause of extrinsic asthma (immediate-type hypersensitivity: type 1). Acute symptoms include edema and bronchiospasms; chronic cases may develop Pulmonary emphysema.

Curvularia It may cause corneal infections, mycetoma and infections in immune compromised hosts.

Dicyma: No information is currently available with regarding the health effects of this mold. It is commonly found on woody materials, cardboard, paper and other cellulosic Materials.

Fusarium: A common soil fungus. It is found on a wide variety of plants. The fungus also has been found in humidifiers. Symptoms may occur either through ingestion of Contaminated foods or inhalation of spores. In severe cases, the fungus can produce hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. This is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis, and extensive internal bleeding. Frequently involved in eye, skin, and nail infections.

Ganoderma: Considered a basidiospore. Edible in mushroom form and a very important in the food industries.

Hyphae: Tubular, thread-like pieces of the fungal organism. Cannot be identified as to what genus they originated from.

Other basidiospores: Spores from one of the major classes of fung that include, for example, the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and puffballs.

Penicillium/aspergillus: This group is considered common to indoor environments. It is widespread in the soil and on plants and is also considered a common contaminant of food. It has a musty odor. It is commonly being implicated in pulmonary disease in immunocompromised hosts. It has also been reported to cause skin infections. Many species produce mycotoxins, which may be associated with disease in humans and other animals. Toxin production is dependent on the strain, or on the food source on which it grows. Some of these toxins have been found to be carcinogenic in animal species. Several toxins are considered potential human carcinogens.

Pithomyces: Grows on dead grass and plants. Prolonged exposure can cause facial eczema. Causes type 2 allergies (hayfever type symptoms, asthma).

Rhizopus/mucor: It may cause mucorosis in immune compromised individuals. The sites of infection are the lung, sinus, brain, eye, and skin. Infection may have multiple sites.

Stachybotrys: This is a slow growing, dark mold that grows well on cellulosic (paper-containing) building materials. It can produce a number of different macrocyclic trichothecenes which have been descirbed as being toxic to humans and animals. Individuals with chronic exposure to the toxins produced by this mold report cold and flu-like symptoms, sore throats, headaches, fatigue, dermatitis, itching and burning sensations of the eyes and nose, and general malaise. This mold is rarely found in outdoor samples, and it is usually not found in indoor air samples unless the colony is dry is then physically disturbed.

Ulocladium: Isolated from dead plants, cellulose materials, and textiles. Causes type 2 allergies (hayfever, flu-like symptoms).